• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    1430869 Testing engines CROSS CO 30 Aug 1973 [23 May 1973] 40960/73 Heading G1X A test stand 21 comprises a frame 33, an inverted U-shaped cradle 45 suspended from the frame 33, clamps for securing an engine 26 to be tested in the cradle and sensors for sensing movement of the engine under test. The test stand 21 may be arranged adjacent a conveyer 24 and engines 26 on pallets 25 may be directed individually to the test stand 21 by an elevator 27 and a horizontal diverter 29 so that an engine 26 may be made to enter the cradle 45 by way of slideable doors (55, 56) Fig. 3, (not shown) supported by the frame 33, the cradle 45, at this time, being rigidly locked to the frame 33 by retractable stops (48, 49) (Fig. 3). Clamps 72, 73 Fig. 8 operated by reciprocable motors e.g. 76 by way of rack and pinion devices Figs. 6, 7, 9 and 10 (not shown) are actuated to engage locating surfaces on opposite sides of the engine to secure it in the cradle 45 horizontally while lift hooks 117, 118 Fig. 8 movably mounted on the cradle are arranged to elevate the engine into engagement with stops on the clamps to locate accurately the engine in a vertical direction. A drive motor 136 Fig. 2 is then connected by way of a vibration damping coupling Fig. 12 (not shown) to the crankshaft of the engine, the cradle 45 is unlocked from the frame so as to be suspended from the frame about two pivotal axes, one being vertical and the other being horizontal and in the direction of the crankshaft of the engine, and the sensors, which may be seismic transducers 105, Fig. 8 and which are arranged to engage portions at the front and rear of the engine on the level of the crankshaft but at right angles thereto, sense dynamic and static unbalance of the engine. Other sensors may be arranged to sense other characteristics of the engine. When the engine has been tested it is replaced on its pallet, unclamped from the cradle and returned to the conveyer 24.
    公开号:SU850027A3
    申请号:SU752168165
    申请日:1975-08-27
    公开日:1981-07-23
    发明作者:Эдвард Свис Филип；Лабью Рассел；Маккензи Браун Гленн
    申请人:Дзе Кросс Компани (Фирма)；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    (54) INTERNAL ENGINE TEST STAND The invention relates to engine tests, namely test stands in which the engine under test is driven by either its own energy or an external energy source, and can be used to measure dynamic imbalance engine .. There are known stands for testing an internal combustion engine containing a load device connected to the engine shaft, made in the form of a hydrostatic system including the first a linked to a shaft of the engine unit; a second installation, associated with the first closed hydraulic circuit, and a device for controlling the performance of the second installation 1. However, the well-known stands do not allow in addition to hot and cold engine tests. The purpose of the invention is to conduct sampling cold and hot tests, i.e. tests to obtain various characteristics when the engine is set in motion with COMBUSTION by external sources, as well as without them. The goal is achieved by the fact that the first installation is made in the form of an engine with a constant performance, and the second - in a fork. variable speed pump. FIG. 1 shows a vertical projection of the rear side of the test bench and associated equipment; FIG. 2 — a fork A in FIG. one; in fig. 3 is a vertical projection of the rear side of the test bench; in fig. 4 is a view B in FIG. 3 partially cut; in Fig. 5, a vertical projection of the front end of the test wall with a partial cut; in fig. 6 shows a section B-B in FIG. 5} in FIG. 7 is a cross-section of the FIG. five; in fig. 8 is a vertical projection of the rear end of the frame; in fig. 9 is a cross section of DD in FIG. eight; in fig. 10, section EE of FIG. AT; in fig. 11 types of frame in the plan; in fig. 12 is a side elevation projection of a system for supplying mechanical energy to an engine crankshaft; in fig. 13 is a view of FIG. 12; in fig. 14 is a view of FIG. 13; FIG. 15 shows a forked lever on an enlarged scale. The test stand for testing an internal combustion engine rests on frame 1. The left portion 2 of frame 1 in FIG. 2 supports part of the conveyor 3, which passes to the entrance of stand 1. Conveyor 3 carries plates 4 onto which engine 5 is mounted. Conveyor 3 carries these engines through a number of positions, one of which is on the stand. Means are provided on the stand for guiding each engine 5 to feed them to the stand when the engine reaches the respective position and to return it. back to the conveyor after completion of the test. These tools include a roller lift b, pr {1: driven by a motor 7, making a reciprocating motion. The motor 7 slightly lifts the plate 4 and the motor 5 located on it) above the level of the conveyor 3. In addition, these means contain a reciprocating horizontal return movement in the horizontal direction deflection plate 8 driven by the motor 9J which is not the conveyor 4 together with the engine 5 installed on it from the lift 6 to the test bench, and then returns it to the lift to replace it on the conveyor. The elevator 10, located below the bench, takes the plate of the conveyor when the deflecting plate 8 is moved from its left position to the right (Fig. 2) and at the corresponding moment is lowered so that the plate can be temporarily removed from under the engine being tested. The elevator 10 rises so that the plate 4 receives the engine after the test, after which the deflecting plate 8 revives the engine and the plate to the conveyor 3. The elevator 10 is driven by a reciprocating motor 11. The stand contains a spatial column 12 having a pair of front columns 13 and 14 and a pair of rear columns 15 and 16 resting on the protrusion 17 of the frame 1. The beam 18 rests on columns 13 and 14, and the beam 19 is supported on columns 15 and 16. The transverse beams 20 and 21 are located between the beams 18 and 19 and support live Inu 22. The inverted frame indicated at 23f podveshenana plate 22 via the upper bearing 24 and lower mechanism under shipnikovogo mechanism 25. The structure of these mechanisms is shown in FIG. 4, wherein the bearing mechanism 24 makes it possible to swing the frame on a vertical axis relative to the truss, while the mechanism 25 allows it to swing on a horizontal axis. Means are also provided for locking the frame in relation to the truss. These means (Fig. 11) consist of a pair of conical interlocking fonts 26 and 27, mounted slidably on opposite sides of the Farm and driven by reciprocating motors 28 and 25, respectively, between the retraction and locking positions. In their locking position, pins 26 and 27 enter slots 30 and 31, respectively, on frame 23. On truss 12, a pair of security doors 32 and 33 are slidably mounted. 34 and 35, respectively, mounted on columns 13 and 14. The doors are opened and closed by motors 36 and 37, reciprocating and mounted on the truss. The frame 23 of the inverted V shape serves to receive the engine 5 (FIG. 1). The exact shape of the inside of frame 23 depends on the shape of the engine to be tested, the design must be such that the engine can enter the frame where it is subjected to testing. so that the frame is as light as possible, but retains the necessary rigidity and. It was a good support for various pins, shafts, axles and other equipment. As shown in Fig. 4, the frame 23 may consist of a back 38 and a front 39 plastine, upper and lower connecting plates 40 and 41. Where necessary, the plates may have holes 42 facilitating the construction (Fig. 11) and In addition, additional structural elements may be provided to support the various moving parts. The upper plate 40 is adjustable so that it is attached to the lower surface of the lower bearing mechanism 25 by means of the element 43 (Fig. 4). The back plate 38 has an irregularly shaped cut-out so that the engine enters and leaves the frame (Fig. 8, pos. 44). In the front plate 39 can also be provided cutouts for proper installation of the protruding parts of the engine. There is also a stopper 45 on the front plate for precisely positioning the engine in the direction of its crankshaft when the engine is already in the frame. For the purpose of safe operation, a casing of the flywheel 46 is installed inside the frame (FIG. 3).
    The means for engaging the engine with the frame are shown in FIG. 5-11 and one of two opposite pairs of carriages-clips 47 and 48. Each pair of clips engages with one engine side of the rear and front parts, and, in particular, these clips engage with control calibration protrusions 49 and 50 of the machine, indicated partially by dash-dotted lines in FIG. 8 Formed on the engine and used in the processing unit on the machines.
    The rear carriage 47 is driven by the reciprocating motor 51, and the front carriage 48 by the motor 52, and these motors are mounted above the frame plate 40.
    The means connecting the motor 51 with its carriage 47 comprise (Fig. 10) a rail 53 driven by the motor and engaging the teeth 54 at the upper end of the vertical shaft 55 mounted on the frame so as to be rotatable. The tooth 56 at the lower end of this shaft is engaged with the rail 57 mounted on the carriage 47. The motor 58 drives its carriage 47 through the rail 59, the vertical shaft 60 and the rail 61 mounted on the frame (Fig. 7).
    The means connecting the motor 52 with its carriage 48 comprise (fig. 9) a rail 62 connected to the motor 52 and engaging with the teeth 63 of the upper end of the vertical shaft 64 mounted on the shaft rotatably. The lower part of this shaft has a tooth 65, which engages with the rail 66 on the carriage 48. Motor 67, similarly, actuates its carriage 48 with the rail 68 (Fig. 6), turning a vertical shaft 69 which in turn acts. 70, mounted on a carriage. Motors 51, 58, 52 and 67 are initially driven under a relatively low pressure to move their respective carriages to the locking position. The carriage 47 will come to a fixed corresponding position, as partially shown by the position 71 in FIG. 5, and held there by a relatively high pressure, while the carriage 48 is pushed further under high pressure, ensuring reliable fixation of the engine in the frame. The front carriage 48 (FIG. 8) has a side surface 72, which presses the engine with force to the front column 45. The engine is thus locked in a precise control position with respect to the engine, observing parallelism and correct angles to the crankshaft axis.
     The shafts 55 and 60 also drive a pair of additional carriages 73 and 74, respectively, which support the lower part of the engine in position. The carriages 73 and 74 are mounted coaxially with the crankshaft and are located opposite a pair of sensitive test leads of sensors 75 and 76, respectively, measuring vibration, which are movably fixed below the frame. The means for actuating the carriages 73 and 74 have elongated gear portions 77 and 78 at the lower
    15 shaft ends 55 and 60 respectively. These teeth engage with a rack on the shafts, as shown in FIG. 7 and 10. Like carriages 47 and 48, carriages 73 and 74 abut
    0 in the control surface on the engine. They are controlled by motors 51 and 58, reciprocating simultaneously with the movement of the upper carriage 47. That is, they move forward first under a relatively low pressure, and then under a higher pressure, and thus they are kept in set control positions x
    0
    The probes of the sensors 75 and 76 move forward and make a return movement with the help of motors 79 and 80 reciprocating at the rear end of which there are vibration sensors 81 and 82. These sensors are conventional sensors and operate on the inertial principle measuring vibration In practice, the frequency and voltage curve of the sensor are calibrated in uni-inches and the amount of unbalance depends on the ratio between the uni-inches measured by the sensors and the angular position of this measurement relative to the position of the upper dead.
    5 point flywheel engine (TDC). In four-cylinder engines, for example, TDC refers to cylinder No. 1. TDC is measured when tested with an inverse non-contact sensor 83, embedded in the side carriage 47 (Fig. 8). The sensor leads 75 and 76 are located at the front and rear of the engine 5 as follows. so that the deviation from the direction of movement can be measured and would be in the plane and at a right angle to the geometric axis of the crankshaft. Limit switches 84 and 85 are designed to move sensors forward and back. After engine 5 is locked
    0 in its last position for testing inside the frame, the plate 4, on which the engine is placed, makes a reverse movement with the help of the lowering lift
    10 in order to allow the probes of the sensors 75 and 76 to move forward towards the engine under test. Since the probes 75 and 76 could theoretically interact with the frame instead of the engine, since they are connected together, direct coupling of the engine is preferable. In a preferred alternative design (not shown), these probes are not present and the sensors are mounted directly on frame 23 so that horizontal vibration perpendicular to the axis of the engine can be measured.
    Two lifting hooks 86 and 87 (FIG. 8) are provided for lifting with respect to the frame of the engine 5 into its final position after locking the carriage. 47, 48, 73 and 74 came into contact with the engine. These hooks raise the engine to a small height using the lugs in the brackets 88 and
    89 on the engine and partially shown by a thin line in FIG. 8. The engine rises until the surfaces on the control gauge protrusions 49 and 50 of the unit (engine) are accurately connected to the surfaces.
    90 and 91 carriages 47 and 48. Lifting hooks 86 and 87 are mounted on parallel horizontal rotating shafts 92 and 93 placed inside the frame. These shafts (Fig. 4) are located between the plates 38 and 39 of the frame, extend beyond the limits of the plate 39, and have gears 94 and 95 at their protruding ends, respectively. The shafts are rotatably mounted between the first position in which the hooks are in their the lower, position, or retracted position, and the second position, in which the hooks 86 are rotated counterclockwise, and the hooks 87 - clockwise in order to engage with the engine lifting brackets
    The means for actuating the shafts 92 and 93 consist of a pair of motors 96 and 97, providing reciprocating motion and being paired outside the frame plate 39. The motor 96 drives the carriage 48, which engages with the upper portion of gear 95, then as the motor 97 drives the rail 99, the engagement with the gear 94 in the lower part. As a result, when the motors begin to move inside and to the left (Fig. 5), the shafts will rotate, cause the lifting hooks to clutch the engine and lift it, and during the reverse movement the hooks are pulled back. Springs 100 are provided between the slats so that, after the engine lugs come into contact with the surfaces 90 and 91 of the above carriages, they are firmly held in the correct position.
    In order to ensure reliable operation of the lifting hooks 86 and 87 so that the engine could not fall in case of a sharp decrease in air pressure in the motors 96 and 97, a locking element 101 is provided. This element is constantly pressed by the spring 102 in a direction in which it is not allows the nut 103, adjacent to the rail 99, to move to the right (Fig. 5), thereby keeping the lifting hooks from moving in the opposite direction.
    Element 101 is connected to a piston of an air cylinder 104, which is directly connected to a compressed air supply supplying compressed air to motors 96 and 97. As soon as these two motors are supplied with compressed air again, element 101 will exit from the position that does not allow the rail to move, but when this pressure drops, this element will again lock the nut 103.
    A frame is also fitted with a device for measuring the pressure of the oil, driven by the motor 105, providing its reciprocating motion (Fig. 8). A drive distribution mechanism 106 is provided for installing a distributor (FIGS. 5 and 11),
    When engine 5 is tested under cold conditions, i.e. when the engine is driven from an external power source, a hydraulic motor 107 is used (Fig. 1215). The motor may be with an axial piston mounted on the stem not at a right angle, mounted with the aid of the suspension 108 on the front plate 39 of the frame 23. It is desirable that the motor 107 is relatively small, light and driven by a larger and heavier hydraulic pump. 109 of variable volume shown in FIG. 2 by a dash-dotted line and on the floor next to the test bench. The hydrostatic system, which includes the motor 107 and the pump 109, is a closed hydraulic circuit, an open control system with a fixed mechanical stop on a variable volume pump in order to obtain reproducible measurement accuracy at the selected speed setting, when the engine is tested. Obtaining repeatable measurement accuracy can be achieved without fixed stops using a closed loop control system.
    When using a closed-loop control system, the engine 5 may be subjected to hot tests using the hydraulic motor 107 as the sa and the pump 109 as the motor. The working volume of the hydraulic pump 109 should be changed in order to create different loads or inertial conditions acting on the engine under test, such loads, for example, that arise when a car is raised on a mountain or, conversely, from a mountain. The output shaft 110 of the motor 107 is coaxial with the crankshaft, the hub and the associated pulleys 11, which are depicted by a dash-dotted line on the League. 12. The sleeve 112 is mounted on the shaft 110 with keys and bears an elastomer sleeve 11. The sleeve is slidably mounted on the sleeve and is connected to it by means of the key 114. The sleeve has a metal inner element 115j, a metal outer element 116 and an intermediate elastomer element 117, all of which elements 115, 116 and 117 are connected together. The elastomer element can have, for example, 60 urethane hardness units, which allows a misalignment of approximately 0.0100, 015 inches (inch 2.54 cm). This element also serves as an insulating damper, disconnecting the actuated element 116 with other elements, and also SERVE to reduce the ratio of the parasitic weight to the weight of the engine itself. The protruding end of the member 116 has a tapered surface 118 for centering with respect to the crankshaft hub. A pair of protrusions 119 on the surface 117 engages in a pair of grooves on the crankshaft hub shown in FIG. 12 dash-dotted line. Element 116 enters the engagement position with the crankshaft under the action of a compressed spring with a spiral winding of coils 120 located between the protruding end of the coupling 113 and the shaft 110. The gear element 121 is mounted on the element 116, and the sensor 122 adjacent to these elements is used to measure speed. rotation Means are also provided for removal of the coupling 113. These means comprise a motor 123 {Fig. 14), performing reciprocating movement, which actuates a fork lever 124, seated on an axis 125, mounted on a casing 126. A fork 127 (FIG. 15) the lever 124 carries the roller bearings 128, which are located on opposite sides of the element 116. When the motor 123 is moving forward from its position (Fig. 15.), the rollers engage with the gear 121, retracting the sleeve to a position partially shown in FIG. 12 dot-dash line. The device works as follows. Engine 5 stands in front of the stand, lift 6 raises the engine and the plate on which it is installed, from conveyor 3, the deflector plate 8 pushes the engine with the plate into the frame. At this time, the frame is clamped inside the truss 12 by protruding members 27. Therefore, the frame is aligned with the truss 12. The security doors 32 and 33 are closed, the carriages 47 and 48 are pushed forward and engage with the engine 5, with the rear carriage 48 pressing the engine to the front column 45. At the side, the engine is held in the correct position with these carriages, as well as with carriages 73 and 74, which are moved together with the carriages 47. Lifting hooks 86 and 87 then lift the engine under test, precisely positioning it through the supporting surfaces 90 and 91 on carriages 47 and 48. As a result, the engine is rigidly mounted i in the frame in the longitudinal, lateral and vertical directions. Lift 10 lowers plate 4 to {a distance sufficient for the probes of sensor 75 and 76 to reach the engine under test. At this time, a rotating crankshaft drive motor 107 is connected to the crankshaft 111 by activating the reciprocating motor 123, which allows the spring 120 to move the sleeve 113 to the left (Fig. 12). The .107 engine runs at a very low speed until the protrusions 119 of the coupling 113 enter the recesses 129 on the crankshaft hub, and then rotates the engine at idle speed. The oil pressure is measured, and the drive distribution mechanism is connected to the engine under test. At low speeds, the displacement amplitude of the sensor can be measured in order to determine the presence of excessive noise. With a frame associated with the truss, the engine can rotate at a relatively high speed (i.e., 1800 rpm) using the motor 107. The frame is then disengaged by reversing the locking pins. 27. The dynamic imbalance of the engine being tested is measured using oscillation sensors selectively tuned to a frequency corresponding to the number of revolutions per minute by determining the magnitude and angle of movement of the engine under test relative to TDC. Swing sensors are also monitored.
    on the noise at the digshaeon frequencies at a given speed ..
    Dual Arms for Rush
    It gives an opportunity to get constant and accurate data on dynamic imbalance. The presence of these hinges allows the engine under test to be disconnected from the bulk truss. Preferably, the axis of the vertical mechanism 24 passes through the center of gravity of the engine, and the axis of the horizontal mechanism 25 should be parallel to the axis of the crankshaft.
    It is necessary that the engine 5 be rotated at a high speed sufficient for the appearance of dynamic movement. The suspension consisting of the engine being tested and the frame will have two natural frequencies of free oscillation. Since the speed increases from the moment of rotation, the engine and frame under test move together in a napr (phenomenon perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the crankshaft, if this engine has a static imbalance. In the case of rotation, there is a horizontal hinge or bearing mechanism 25, and the vibration sensor will in phase with synchronous joint movement back and forth. When the speed increases so much that it becomes greater than this value, and the dynamic imbalance is present in the engine then the engine e together with the rglum will begin to rotate around the center of gravity of this system, i.e. around the vertical hinge or bearing mechanism
    24 with oscillation sensors measuring the amplitude of movement by movement that is shifted by phase.
    When the engine rotates at a high speed, a groove can be checked to regulate the timing of ignition using a vacuum.
    and without it. Oil pressure can also be checked.
    The frame 23 is then re-secured to the truss with the engaging pins 27, and the rotational speed of the crankshaft is lowered to zero by the motor. 107. Sensors 75 and 76 retract plate 4, and various other mechanisms, such as a TDC sensor, the means for measuring oil pressure and distribution, are disconnected. The clutch 113 is also retracted under the action of an actuator 123 that performs a reciprocating motion. The elevators to {oxi 86 and 87 are lowered down by motors 96 and 97, and the carriages, 73 and 74, are retracted as a result of the work of 51 51, 52 and 67 motors. Doors 32 and 38 will also open the engine with the stove, on which it is located conveyor belt 8.
    Fool Lula invention
    Test bench for internal combustion engine, containing engine-connected hydrostatic loading device) made in the form of the first installation connected to the engine shaft and the second installation connected to the first closed hydraulic circuit, and the device for adjusting the performance of the second installation It was due to the fact that, in order to carry out selective cold and hot tests, the first installation was made in the form of an engine with constant performance, and the second - in the form of a pump with the first childishness.
    Sources of information taken into consideration.
    1. USSR author's certificate 58728, cl. & 01 M 15/00, 1941 ,.
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    权利要求:
    Claims (1)
    [1]
    Claim
    Test bench for an internal combustion engine, comprising a loading hydrostatic device connected to the engine shaft,. made in the form of the first installation connected with the motor shaft and the second installation * connected with the first closed hydraulic circuits, and a device for regulation ! performance of the second installation, which is due to the fact that, in order to carry out selective cold and hot tests, the first installation is made in the form of an engine with constant output, and the second - in the form of a pump with variable output.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    FR2230991A1|1974-12-20|
    SU564827A3|1977-07-05|
    DE2356063A1|1974-12-05|
    JPS5026901A|1975-03-20|
    DE2365651A1|1976-04-22|
    FR2230991B1|1976-11-19|
    JPS5219601B2|1977-05-28|
    IT992867B|1975-09-30|
    JPS5219245B2|1977-05-26|
    GB1430870A|1976-04-07|
    DE2365651B2|1980-09-18|
    DE2356063B2|1976-07-15|
    JPS50140707A|1975-11-12|
    CA988327A|1976-05-04|
    US3834221A|1974-09-10|
    GB1430869A|1976-04-07|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US2334991A|1939-06-30|1943-11-23|Castiglia Biagis|Dynamic and static wheel balancer|
    DE866560C|1949-06-18|1953-02-09|Werner Dr-Ing Pischel|Method and device for balancing rotating bodies, in which the size and position of the unbalance is determined from the vibrations of the rotating balancing body|
    US3079802A|1957-04-08|1963-03-05|Gisholt Machine Co|Apparatus for balancing engines|
    US2991649A|1958-03-14|1961-07-11|Gen Motors Corp|Engine test stand|
    US3443440A|1965-04-21|1969-05-13|Abex Corp|Assembly balancer|
    US3527087A|1968-03-29|1970-09-08|Scans Associates Inc|Automated engine test conveyor|
    US3616686A|1970-08-14|1971-11-02|Gen Motors Corp|Engine stopping control for an airmotored engine balancing system|JPS54159282U|1978-04-27|1979-11-07|
    US4174627A|1978-05-16|1979-11-20|Sun Electric Corporation|Test stand for an internal combustion engine testing system|
    DE4123030C1|1991-07-12|1992-09-17|Mercedes-Benz Aktiengesellschaft, 7000 Stuttgart, De|True-running testing of multi=cylinder IC engine - detecting dynamic loading of engine held in test stand, averaging all-cylinder signals, and comparing with stored data|
    GB2270347B|1992-09-04|1996-03-27|Daifuku Kk|Cover-equipped tester for internal combustion engines|
    US5469741A|1993-06-18|1995-11-28|Lucas Automation & Control Engineering, Inc.|Apparatus and methods for detecting imbalance|
    US5396791A|1993-08-13|1995-03-14|General Electric Company|Engine testing mounting adaptor|
    US6253600B1|1999-04-01|2001-07-03|Thomas F. Sondey|Modular engine delivery apparatus|
    DE102010012649A1|2010-01-18|2011-07-21|ThyssenKrupp Krause GmbH, 28777|Method for determining the power of an internal combustion engine|
    CN102313648A|2010-07-06|2012-01-11|武汉东测科技有限责任公司|X-Y axial fine turning device for test bench of engine|
    AT11836U3|2011-01-13|2012-02-15|Avl List Gmbh|PALLET SYSTEM WITH A RANGE OF PANELS AND AN ADVANCE PACKAGE|
    KR101405228B1|2013-07-01|2014-06-10|기아자동차 주식회사|Engine test device|
    DE102016224142A1|2016-12-05|2018-06-07|Zf Friedrichshafen Ag|Modular buildable powertrain test bench for electric vehicle drives|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US05363054|US3834221A|1973-05-23|1973-05-23|Test stand for vehicle engines|
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